Order and Justice in Chinese Theory of International Relations; The Development of International Relations in the Light of Conceptual Synergy

In recent decades, Chinese International Relations (IR) theory has attracted considerable scholarly attention. Nevertheless, the complexities surrounding the concepts of order and justice within this theoretical tradition have not been sufficiently explored. Recognizing the existence of diverse intellectual strands encompassed by what is broadly referred to as Chinese International Relations Theory, this study examines the synergistic relationship between order and justice as two fundamental and shared concepts underlying Chinese approaches to international relations. By doing so, it seeks to advance our understanding of the dynamics of international relations from a non-Western theoretical perspective. To achieve this objective, the study employs a qualitative research design based on a descriptive-analytical approach. To evaluate its central argument, it conducts a thematic analysis of the views advanced by leading Chinese IR scholars and, through an examination of empirical developments, illustrates selected manifestations of these concepts within the contemporary international order. The principal research question asks: What is the relationship between the concepts of order and justice in Chinese International Relations Theory? The study argues that Chinese International Relations Theory assigns equal normative significance to both order and justice and does not regard the realization of either as contingent upon or subordinate to the other. The findings demonstrate that the mutually reinforcing emphasis on these two concepts provides a theoretical and practical foundation for the development of contemporary international relations. Rather than sacrificing one in favor of the other, Chinese IR theory conceptualizes order and justice as mutually constitutive principles whose interaction can generate and sustain a more stable and equitable global order.