Bi-Quarterly Political Knowledge

Freedom as Discourse in Western Tradition

Document Type : Science - Research (Political Science)

Author

Faculty member of Imam Sadiq University

Abstract

Freedom is an abstract concept that is more understandable with its constraints. Freedom within the fabric of the Socratic philosophy was just a virtue. In the Christian era, at first, it had a theosophical meaning and then in context of Scholastic era changed, as servant of God. Then in the modern age, it reduced as security and possessive individualism. Analyzing freedom as a discourse, this article shows why and how each concept of freedom has its proper context in history and political philosophy; ancient and modern. Therefore, the unity and uncontested attitude is essentially unconscious and non-historical. By a comparative and analytical method, this article pursues freedom as a discourse  through its observation in ancient and modern in western political philosophy, and consequently  shows that why and how freedom  is a discourse  and originally has its own philosophical and historical context; specifically fabricated for its proper society, and is not necessarily comparable in the general form.
Freedom as Discourse In Western Tradition
Abstract
Freedom is an abstract concept that is more understandable with its constraints.
Freedom within the fabric of the Socratic philosophyو meanly Aristotle and Plato, was just a virtue. Then in the modern age, reduced as security and possessive individualism. Analizing freedom as a discourse, This article shows why and how each concept of freedom has its proper context in history and political philosophy; ancient and modern. Therefore, the unity and uncontested attitude is essentially unconscious and non-historical. By a comparative and analytical method, this article pursues freedom as a discourse through its observation in ancient and modern in western political philosophy. and consequently shows that why and how is the freedom is a discourse and originaly has its own philosophical and historical context; specifically fabricated for its proper society. And is not necessarily comparable in the general form.

Key words: freedom, Liberalism, Virtue, Security ,Ownership

Keywords

Main Subjects

 
شریعت، فرشاد، (1387)، جان لاک و اندیشه آزادی، تهران: آگه.
شریعت، فرشاد، (1393) «سکولاریسم اجتماعی در عصر جدید؛ مقایسه مبادی فلسفی لاک و میل، و تأثیر آن مبادی بر فایده­گرایی میل»،غرب‌شناسی بنیادی، پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی سال پنجم، شماره اول، بهار و تابستان، صص 47 -60.
شریعت، فرشاد، (1394)، فراسوی روشنگری، تهران: انتشارات دانشگاه امام صادق (7).
لاک، جان، (1392)، دو رساله حکومت، ترجمه فرشاد شریعت، تهران: نگاه معاصر.
هابز، تامس، (1380)، لویاتان، ترجمه حسین بشیریه، تهران: نشر نی.
هابز، تامس، (1395)، بهیموت یا پارلمان طولانی، ترجمه حسین بشیریه، تهران: نشر نی.
Aristotel ,(2000-A), “NicomacheanEthics”, in Classics in Political Philosophy, edited by: Jene M.Porter, U.S.A. Prentice-hall Canada Inc,.
Aristotel ,(2000-B), “Politics”, in Classics in Political Philosophy, edited by: Jene M.Porter, (U.S.A. Prentice-hall Canada Inc,.
Ebenstein,William, (1960),  Great Political Thinkers; Plato to Present, New York: Rinehart and Winston.
Hobbes , Thomas, (1968), The Elements of Law , Natural and political, edited by Ferdinand Tonnies, with  an introduction by M. Goldsmith, London,  Penguin,
Hobbes, Thomas, (1998), Leviathan, edited by j.C.A. Gaskin , Oxford: O.U.P.
Holly Bible, King James version.
Hooker, Richard, (1925), Of the Laws of Ecclesiastical Polity, 4vol, Ed. By Ernest Rhys,  Vol. 1. London: J.M. Dent & Sons LTD., NY: E.P.Dutton & CO.INC.
Locke,John, (1968), A Letter on Toleration, latin  text edited with a preface by Raymond klibansky, translated with an introduction and notes by J.W. Gough, Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press.
Locke, John, (1997),  Two Treatises of Government, Edited With an Introduction and notes by Peter Laslett , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Plato,(1983), The Republic, Translated with an introduction and notes by Desmond Lee, Second edition (revisited),England: penguin books.
Polin, Raymond, (1969), "Locke's Conception of Freedom", in John W. Yolton, John Locke: Problems and Perspectives: A collection of  New Essays, London: Cambridge University Press.
Shouls,Peter A. (1992), Reasoned Freedom: John Locke and Enlightenment, (Ithaca: CornelUniversity Press.
Taylor, A.E. (1989),  "The Ethical Doctrine of Hobbes" , in Jack Levely and Andrew Reeve (editors), Modern Political Theory From Hobbes to Marx, N.Y. Routledge.
Yolton,J. W. (1970), Locke and the Compass of the Human of Human Understanding; A Silective Commentary on Essay, Cambridge : Cambridge University Pres,
 
Bi-Quarterly Political Knowledge
Volume 13, Issue 2 - Serial Number 26
ESSAY
November 2017
Pages 59-75
  • Receive Date: 09 September 2017
  • Revise Date: 21 November 2017
  • Accept Date: 04 December 2017